A Predictive Model to Identify the Risk Factors for Stage Wise Chronic Kidney Disease in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often referred to as a “silent disease”. CKD often has no symptoms in its early stages and can go undetected until it is very advanced. Chronic kidney disease also known as chronic renal disease. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best test to measure the level of kidney function and determine the stage of kidney disease. CKD classifies into five stages, with stage 1 to stage 4 being the mildest and usually causing few symptoms and stage 5 being a severe illness with poor life expectancy if untreated. Descriptive statistics; chi square measures of association and binary logistic regression were used to estimate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 300 patients to evaluate the stage wise risk factors of CKD. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factor of CKD and produce a predictive model for stage wise CKD in Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose, a well-structured questionnaire was employed to collect data. The patients having; elder age, unmarried, family history of CKD, anemia, less drinking water, blood in urine and excessive use of cold drinks were found significantly contributing as the risk factors of severe stage of CKD.