Pain Management Of Patients Under General Anesthesia Nalbuphine Alone Or Nalbuphine With Ketorolac In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Multan
Keywords:
Ketorolac, Nalbuphine, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Pain score.Abstract
Background: Pain is a significant and intricate phenomenon. Since it lessens patient anguish and guarantees a quick, pain-free recovery following general anesthesia, adequate intraoperative and postoperative pain management is crucial.
Objective: To assess how well nalbuphine alone and nalbuphine with ketorolac work together to treat pain after open cholecystectomy while under general anesthesia.
Methodology: Using the lottery approach, patients were split into two groups: Group-A received
0.15 mg of nalbuphine per kilogram, while Group-B received 0.075 mg of nalbuphine per kilogram with 14 mg of ketorolac. At the onset of surgery, they were all administered normal anesthetic medications and analgesics in the aforementioned dosage. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale was used to quantify the postoperative pain severity of *patients ten, twenty, and one hours after they were moved to recovery. Deliverance anodyne for moderate to severe pain was noted at 30 minutes. Additionally, nausea, vomiting, and tiredness were observed by both groups.
Results: In our investigation, we found that patients in Group A had mild pain 5 (6.7%) one hour after surgery, while Group B had minor discomfort 35 (46.7%). The percentage of patients in Group A 10 (13.3%) and Group B 55 (73.3%) who received the rescue analgesia Nalbuphine (0.15 mg/kg) differed statistically significantly. Group A, 7 had a higher level of sedation (9.85%) than Group B 4 (5.3%). The frequency of nausea and vomiting was n7 (9.3%) in Group A and n5 (6.6%) in Group B. Twenty minutes after moving to the recovery area, Group A had a n7 (9.3%) repeat analgesia for pain levels of four or above, but Group B had a n60 (80%), yielding a 0.000 p value. The primary finding was the statistically significant difference in the residual analgesia of nalbuphine (0.15 mg/kg) between Group A and Group B.
Conclusion: Compared to a combination of Nalbuphine (0.075 mg/kg) and ketorolac (14 mg), intravenous Nalbuphine (0.15 mg/kg) was more effective in lowering the severity of pain and the need for postoperative analgesics following surgery.
